The 12 Jyotirlingas in India are considered the holiest shrines dedicated to Lord Shiva and hold immense spiritual significance in Hinduism. These sacred sites, located across different parts of India, each represent a distinct manifestation of the divine. The term "Jyotirlinga" comes from the Sanskrit words Jyoti, meaning "radiance," and Linga, which signifies a symbolic representation of the Almighty. Together, Jyotirlinga translates to "the radiant sign of the Supreme Being." According to legend, Lord Shiva first appeared in the form of a Jyotirlinga on the night of Aridra Nakshatra, which is why these shrines are held in such high regard. While they may appear as ordinary Shiva Lingams, it is believed that those who attain a higher spiritual state can perceive them as pillars of divine light emerging from the earth. These 12 Jyotirlingas, scattered across the country, continue to be revered as powerful centres of devotion and pilgrimage.
The Story Associated to the Spiritual Backdrop of the 12 Jyotirlingas in India
According to the Shiva Purana, an ancient event took place where Lord Vishnu and Lord Brahma debated over who was supreme. Their discussion turned into an argument, and to settle it, Lord Shiva appeared and manifested an endless pillar of divine light that pierced all three worlds. He challenged them to find its end, declaring that the one who did would be the supreme god. Lord Vishnu and Lord Brahma set off in opposite directions. Despite searching, neither found the pillar’s end. Lord Vishnu humbly accepted defeat, but Lord Brahma falsely claimed he had reached it. Angered by his dishonesty, Lord Shiva cursed Brahma, declaring that he would never be worshiped, despite being the universe’s creator. In his rage, Lord Shiva’s infinite pillar of light manifested in 64 places on Earth as Lingodbhava. Among them, 12 are the most significant and are now revered as the 12 Jyotirlingas of India.
Details About the 12 Jyotirlingas
Kedarnath (Kedarnath, Uttarakhand): Kedarnath is the northernmost Jyotirlinga and is considered the closest to Lord Shiva’s eternal abode, Mount Kailash. This sacred temple is part of the Char Dham pilgrimage and holds deep spiritual significance in Hinduism. Nestled in the snow-covered Himalayas, Kedarnath is an ancient shrine rich in legends and traditions. Accessible only by foot, the temple remains open for just six months a year, from May to June, as extreme weather conditions make it impossible to visit during the rest of the year. Pilgrims need to book Hotels in Kedarnath in advance for this journey.
Somnath (Saurashtra, Gujarat): Somnath is regarded as the first and most significant stop in the Dwadash Jyotirlinga pilgrimage. Considered the first and most esteemed Jyotirlinga, Somnath is said to have been constructed by Chandra, the Moon God. Despite being destroyed and rebuilt sixteen times, it continues to be revered across India for its rich traditions and legends.
Mallikarjuna (Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh): Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga is situated in the picturesque Nallamala Hills in Srisailam, making it one of the most revered Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva in India. This temple holds significant mythological importance, as it is closely linked to the divine union of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. While visiting, don't miss the opportunity to explore the nearby Srisailam Dam and enjoy a serene boat ride along the beautiful Krishna River.
Kashi Vishwanath (Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh): The Kashi Vishwanath Temple is home to the revered Vishwanath Jyotirlinga, considered one of the holiest shrines in Hinduism. It holds immense spiritual significance and is also recognized as one of the Padal Petra Stalams of Vada Naadu, as mentioned in Thevaaram.
Nageshwar (Dwarka, Gujarat): Devotees come to Nageshwar Temple to admire the impressive 25-meter-tall statue of Lord Shiva, explore the beautiful garden, and enjoy the stunning view of the Arabian Sea. In this sacred temple, Lord Shiva is worshipped in the form of Nageshwar, making it a significant pilgrimage site for many.
Mahakaleshwar (Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh): The Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga temple is unique as it houses the Mahakal Lingam, which is believed to be Swayambhu, or self-manifested, making it the only one of the 12 Jyotirlingas with this characteristic. Additionally, it is the only Jyotirlinga facing the south. The temple also features a rare and fascinating Shree Yantra, which is positioned upside down on the ceiling of the Garbhagriha, where the Shiv Lingam resides.
Omkareshwar (Mandhata Island, Madhya Pradesh): Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga, one of the two Jyotirlingas in Madhya Pradesh, is uniquely situated on an island that resembles the sacred "Om" symbol. This revered temple lies on the tranquil banks of the Narmada River, offering a peaceful atmosphere and a strong spiritual presence that attracts countless devotees.
Bhimashankar (Pune, Maharashtra): The temple was constructed by Bhima, the son of the mighty Kumbhakarna. Every year, during Maha Shivratri, the shrine becomes a centre of immense energy and celebration, with devotees gathering to mark the occasion. A unique aspect of this temple is its connection to Goddess Parvati, as there is a nearby temple dedicated to her, symbolizing the strong bond between Lord Shiva and Maa Parvati.
Baidyanath (Deogarh, Jharkhand): During Shravana, millions of devotees visit the temple for blessings, with the Bholebaba darshan drawing people from across India and beyond. According to legend, Ravana performed penance to bring Lord Shiva to Lanka. Shiva manifested as a Lingam but instructed Ravana not to set it down. Vishnu intervened, leading to Shiva's permanent presence as Baidyanath in Deoghar.
Trimbakeshwar (Nashik, Maharashtra): Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga, situated near Nashik, is a revered pilgrimage site and the origin of the sacred Godavari River. What makes this temple truly unique is its remarkable architecture, where the Jyotirlinga symbolizes the divine trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, distinguishing it from other shrines.
Grishneshwar (Aurangabad, Maharashtra): This sacred temple, situated near the famous Ajanta and Ellora Caves, is known for its stunning architecture. One of the most remarkable features of the shrine is its grand and impressive design, with intricate carvings of various Gods and Goddesses adorning the structure. Built by the revered Ahilyabai Holkar, the temple is now locally known as Gru Someswara and Kusum Eswarar. Visitors can explore much more by visiting the temple and engaging with the locals, who share fascinating stories and insights about this historical site.
Rameshwaram (Pamban Island, Tamil Nadu): The Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga, situated on Pamban Island in Tamil Nadu, holds a significant place in the Ramayana. It is believed that Lord Rama prayed to Lord Shiva at this site before setting out on his expedition to Lanka. As one of the prominent Jyotirlingas in South India, Rameshwaram serves as an important pilgrimage destination for those undertaking the Char Dham Yatra.